Economic Losses
Heat stress-related production losses amount to billions annually in livestock production.
$1.69 - $2.36B
St-Pierre et al., 2003
US Losses
According to St-Pierre et al. (2003), the annual economic damage from heat stress in the US is $1.69–2.36 billion. Newer estimates show even higher values due to climate change and more intensive production.
Dairy Sector
$897M - $1.5B
Due to decreased milk production, deterioration of milk composition and reproductive problems.
Beef Sector
$370M
Reduced weight gain, poorer feed efficiency and increased mortality.
Swine Sector
$299M - $1B
Reproductive losses, reduced growth rate and increased mortality.
Poultry
$128M - $165M
Decreased egg production, poorer meat quality and higher mortality rates.
St-Pierre, N.R., Cobanov, B., Schnitkey, G. (2003). Economic Losses from Heat Stress by US Livestock Industries. Journal of Dairy Science, 86(Suppl.), E52-E77.
Why Are Losses Underestimated?
Global Context
Estimates primarily relate to the US; global losses are much higher.
Climate Change
The number of heat stress days increases year by year; older estimates no longer reflect reality.
Difficult Measurement
Many indirect effects (immunosuppression, reproduction, offspring performance) are difficult to quantify.
Hidden Costs
Product Quality
Milk fat and protein content, meat quality and eggshell strength all deteriorate.
Generational Impact
Heat stress in pregnant animals also negatively affects the future production of offspring.
Health Costs
Increased medication costs and veterinary expenses due to immunosuppression.